|
The term worship of angels primarily relates to either excessive honouring (or possibly invoking the names of) angels in Judaism and Christianity. ==In Judaism== The Jewish Bible strictly prohibits worship of idols made in the likeness of anything in heaven, according to the first commandment found in Exodus 20:4. For this reason actual "worship" of angels is not documented in Judaism beyond the following: * In pre-exilic Judaism the term the Host of Heaven has primarily pagan associations, the stars, or gods of the zodiac, unconnected with angels, as illustrated by the prohibition in Deuteronomy 4:19, later broken by kings Ahab and Manasseh in worshipping the Host of Heaven, documented in 2 Kings 17:16 and 21:3 respectively. This is consistent with rabbinical era teaching.〔e.g. The Jerusalem Targum to Exodus 20:20 records that "He who slaughters an animal in the name of sun, moon, stars, and planets, or in the name of Michael, the great captain of the heavenly hosts, renders the same an offering to dead idols"〕 In post-exilic Judaism, the Host of Heaven are possibly re-classed as angels, cf. Nehemiah 9:6 "the host of heaven worships you", but worship of the Host of Heaven has ceased. * In Intertestamental Judaism, worship of angels is not found, but a developed angelology, angelic hierarchies, and the invocation of angels is found. For example the Maccabean fighters invoked the unnamed angel that earlier in the days of Hezekiah had destroyed the army of Sennacherib.〔See I Macc. 7:41, II. Macc. 15:22; Syriac Baruch 43:7; Jubilees 17:11, 27:21, etc.〕〔Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews〕 * The Talmud knew of angelic apparitions, but not of the conjuration of angels, which must be distinguished from the conjuration of demons.〔"Angels", in Jewish Encyclopedia, 1914〕 * In Gaonic Mysticism, the Book of Raziel gives directions for invoking angels, that change according to the date and purpose, such as prophecy. After this the Kabbalah takes the same position as regards conjuration found concerning the conjuration and abjuration of demons in magical works such as the Testament of Solomon. * Rabbi Ishmael, in a Midrash of time of Hadrian (Mek.Yitro 10) prohibits worship of the likeness of angels of the ofanim and cherubim. One can theorize that the worship of angels was occurring in Ancient Israel, hence a law was made to prohibit this activity.〔Ehrman, Bart D. "Divine Humans In Ancient Judaism." How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee. 1st ed. New York: HarperCollins, 2014. 54-55. Print.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「worship of angels」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|